Spesies baru dinosaurus lapis baja ditemukan di China

Spesies baru dinosaurus lapis baja telah dideskripsikan dari Cina. Mereka adalah sisa-sisa fosil paling awal dari kelompok ini yang ditemukan di Asia, dan membantu untuk memahami bagaimana dinosaurus aneh ini berevolusi dan menyebar ke seluruh dunia.

Dinosaurus lapis baja adalah beberapa dinosaurus paling terkenal, termasuk hewan terkenal seperti Stegosaurus dan Ankylosaurus.

Faktanya, salah satu dinosaurus pertama yang diberi nama adalah dinosaurus lapis baja, spesies ankylosaur yang ditemukan di Sussex Barat yang dikenal sebagai Hylaeosaurus.

Temuan baru ini berasal dari hewan yang hidup jauh sebelum spesies yang diketahui ini, dan membantu para ilmuwan memahami kapan dan di mana dinosaurus lapis baja pertama kali muncul sebelum dengan cepat menjajah seluruh dunia.

Prof Paul Barrett, seorang peneliti dinosaurus di museum yang berfokus pada dinosaurus herbivora, bersama dengan rekan-rekannya dari China membantu mendeskripsikan spesies baru tersebut.

“Catatan fosil terdiri dari kerangka yang cukup lengkap, termasuk bagian tengkorak, tulang belakang, bagian anggota badan dan banyak baju besi. Ini adalah yang terbaik, contoh paling awal dari dinosaurus lapis baja dari seluruh Asia.

“Armor itu segera memberi tahu kita bahwa itu adalah anggota dari kelompok dinosaurus yang sama dengan stegosaurus dan ankylosaurs, tetapi usia dinosaurus memberi tahu kita bahwa itu adalah anggota awal, sedikit di luar salah satu dari kelompok itu dan oleh karena itu dekat dengan nenek moyang yang sama dari keduanya.”

Jelaskan dan beri nama kertas Yuxisaurus kopchicki diterbitkan di majalah eLife.

Selain tulang-tulang binatang itu, banyak potongan baju besi juga digali. Kredit foto: © Xi Yao

Asal usul dinosaurus lapis baja

Selama[{” attribute=””>Jurassic and into the Cretaceous Periods a wealth of herbivorous dinosaurs evolved to be covered in extraordinary defensive bony plates, spikes, and knobs.

These dinosaurs are split into the stegosaurs on one side and the ankylosaurs on the other. The more famous stegosaurs, with their ridge of plates running along their backs and spiked tails, were large bulky animals, while the hulking ankylosaurs were generally covered in flat bony shields and were more like “walking coffee tables.”

Together, the stegosaurs and ankylosaurs are thought to have evolved from a shared ancestor and so form a group known as the thyreophorans, meaning “shield-bearers.” But there have long been questions about when and where this group evolved.

“My colleagues in China discovered this new armored dinosaur in Yunnan, southwest China, in rocks of Early Jurassic age dating to between 192-174 million years ago,” explains Paul. “When we put the animal into an evolutionary analysis, it came out close to the common ancestry of stegosaurs and ankylosaurs.

“This helps to confirm that early armored dinosaurs were living in this region at this time. We know very little about the early history in general of herbivorous dinosaurs in China, so regionally this is a really important discovery.”

This part of China is rich in dinosaur fossils, but it has largely been dominated by sauropods and their relatives. Credit: ©Shundong Bi

In the past, thyreophoran dinosaurs have largely been associated with the rocks dating to the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (163-66 million years ago) of North America and Europe. This has revealed an incredible diversity of species, but it has long been known that their origins must go much further back.

This historic paucity of finds from the southern continents has led to some suggesting that the group must have evolved in the north. But recent finds are muddying this opinion, with both the earliest known ankylosaur and stegosaur unearthed in the same rock formation in Morocco and dating to around 165 million years ago.

“There are early armored dinosaurs starting to turn up more in the south,” explains Paul. “There are two animals from about 200 million years ago from Venezuela and South Africa, that don’t have armor, but might be the earliest members of the group, showing what they looked like before they evolved armor.

“If these animals were in the group then it is likely the armored dinosaurs originated in the southern continents, but this idea is controversial. If they aren’t included in the group, then the origins are anchored in the northern hemisphere. At the moment, we’ve no way to choose between these alternatives.”

The new find helps to fill out what we know about this part of the world during the Early Jurassic some 192-174 million years ago. Credit: ©Yu Chen

A cosmopolitan dinosaur

This new discovery is not the earliest-known member of this group, but a contemporary of a number of other species from around the world, such as species in Germany and the UK. What this find does do is help to fill in the picture of what this region in China looked like at this moment in time and how these animals were evolving.

This particular formation in China has revealed other dinosaur fossils, but so far it is dominated by the large, long-necked sauropods and their early relatives. This new find adds to the diversity of the other herbivores that must have also been present in the ecosystem at the time.

The fact that Yuxisaurus dates to the Early Jurassic is also of interest. The animal is different from the other early armored dinosaurs as it has a stockier build and a distinctive arrangement of armored plates that would have covered its back. This suggests that these early animals were experimenting with their body shapes and ecology earlier than scientists previously thought.

“The armored dinosaurs appeared at the start of the Jurassic and within a few million years were already evolving into quite a few different types,” explains Paul. “In addition to that they achieved a worldwide distribution very early in their history.

“A bunch of really early members of stegosaurs and ankylosaurs from slightly later in time have been found spread around the world, so they must have been able to move across and between continents.

“Until recently, we assumed that all armored dinosaur evolution happened in the north, but new finds are showing that this was not true.”

Reference: “A new early branching armored dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of southwestern China” by Xi Yao, Paul M Barrett, Lei Yang, Xing Xu and Shundong Bi, 15 March 2022, eLife.
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.75248